The person may not remember what actually happened, while emotions experienced during the trauma may be re-experienced without the person understanding why (see Repressed memory). However, some people are born with or later develop protective factors such as genetics that help lower their risk of psychological trauma. Such epigenetic changes can be passed on to the next generation, thus making genetics one of the components of psychological trauma. Trauma does not only cause changes in one's daily functions, but could also lead to morphological changes. A messy personal financial scene, as well as debt, are common features in trauma-affected people. Insomnia may occur as lurking fears and insecurity keep the person vigilant and on the lookout for danger, both day and night. Upsetting memories such as images, thoughts, or flashbacks may haunt the person, and nightmares may be frequent. Ĭonsequently, intense feelings of anger may frequently surface, sometimes in inappropriate or unexpected situations, as danger may always seem to be present due to re-experiencing past events. Panic attacks are an example of a psychosomatic response to such emotional triggers. In many cases, this may lead a person with a traumatic disorder to engage in disruptive behaviors or self-destructive coping mechanisms, often without being fully aware of the nature or causes of their own actions. Often the person can be completely unaware of what these triggers are. Triggers and cues act as reminders of the trauma and can cause anxiety and other associated emotions. Re-experiencing of symptoms is a sign that the body and mind are actively struggling to cope with the traumatic experience. Flashbacks can range from distraction to complete dissociation or loss of awareness of the current context. These triggers cause flashbacks, which are dissociative experiences where the person feels as though the events are recurring. They may turn to psychoactive drugs, including alcohol, to try to escape or dampen the feelings. Re-experiencing can damage people's sense of safety, self, self-efficacy, as well as their ability to regulate emotions and navigate relationships. These can produce uncomfortable and even painful feelings. In this process, the benign stimulus becomes a trauma reminder, also called a trauma trigger. This process is called traumatic coupling. noise from a motorcycle) may get connected in the mind with the traumatic experience. For example, the sound of a motorcycle engine may cause intrusive thoughts or a sense of re-experiencing a traumatic experience that involved a similar sound e.g. Īfter a traumatic experience, a person may re-experience the trauma mentally and physically. The range of reactions to trauma can be wide and varied, and differ in severity from person to person. The severity of these symptoms depends on the person, the types of trauma involved, and the support and treatment they receive from others. People who experience trauma often have problems and difficulties afterwards. Psychotraumatology is the study of psychological trauma. This discrepancy in risk rate can be attributed to protective factors some individuals have, that enable them to cope with difficult events, including temperamental and environmental factors, such as resilience and willingness to seek help. Some will develop PTSD after exposure to a traumatic event, or series of events. Most people who experience a potentially traumatic event do not become psychologically traumatized, though they may be distressed and experience suffering. Īs subjective experiences differ between individuals, people react to similar events differently. Physical symptoms including migraines, hyperventilation, hyperhidrosis, and nausea are often developed. Long-term reactions and effects include bipolar disorder, uncontrollable flashbacks, panic attacks, insomnia, nightmare disorder, difficulties with interpersonal relationships, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Short-term reactions such as psychological shock and psychological denial are typically followed. Examples include violence, rape, or a terrorist attack. It must be understood by the affected person as directly threatening the affected person or their loved ones with death, severe bodily injury, or sexual violence indirect exposure, such as from watching television news, may be extremely distressing and can produce an involuntary and possibly overwhelming physiological stress response, but does not produce trauma per se. Psychological trauma (also known as mental trauma, psychiatric trauma, or psychotrauma) is an emotional response caused by severe distressing events that are outside the normal range of human experiences.
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